Adverbs are invariable. They can be divided into several groups, according to their meaning.
- Adverbs that indicate knowledge of a language are formed with the prefix по- and the suffix -ски: по-русски, по-французски, по-английски.
Adverbs of Quality
- They answer the question «как?» (how?). They are formed by adding the suffix -о to the stem of the adjective: хороший adjective → хорош + -о adverb
Adverbs of quantity and degree
- They answer the questions: сколько? (how many?), насколько? (to what extent?)
много (many, a lof)
мало (little, few)
немного (a little)
почти (almost)
очень (very)
слишком (too much)
чуть-чуть (Just a bit)
совсем (quite, entirely)
– Много can refer to either a verb or a noun:
Я работаю много. I work a lot.
У меня много работы. I have a lot of work.
– Очень usually refers to either an adjective or an adverb, but can also be used with verbs of feeling and emotion:
Adverbs of time
- They answer the questions: когда? (when?), как часто? (how often?), как долго? (for how long?)
КОГДА? (WHEN?)
сегодня (today)
завтра (tomorrow)
сейчас, теперь (now)
потом, позже (after / later)
вовремя (on time)
днём (in the afternoon)
вечером (in the evening)
ночью (at night)
поздно (late)
рано (early)
раньше (earlier)
лётом (in summer)
осенью (in autumn)
зимой (in winter)
давно (a long time ago)
недавно (recently)
КАК ЧАСТО? (HOW OFTEN?)
часто (often), редко (rarely), всегда (always), иногда (sometimes)
КАК ДОЛГО? (FOR HOW LONG?)
долго (for a long time), недолго (not long)
Adverbs of place
- They answer the questions: где? (where ?), куда? (where to?)
- There are several very common adverbs: далеко (far away), недалеко (not far away), близко (nearby), рядом (close to), везде (everywhere)
- Adverbs of place can indicate either where an action is taking place, or the direction of an action.
ГДЕ? (WHERE ?)
там (there), здесь (here), впереди (in front), слева (on the left), справа (on the right), сзади (behind), вверху / наверху (above), внизу (below), дома (at home)
КУДА? (WHERE TO?)
туда (thereto), сюда (over here), вперёд (forward), налево (to the left), направо (to the right), назад (backwards), вверх / навёрх (up), вниз (down), домой (to home)